At the surface, a cold front was forecast to pass through the region later in the day, while a dryline was forecast to intersect the cold front in Kansas. The system was forecast to evolve into a wave early Monday morning as a trough strengthened from the western United States. CDT (1300 UTC) on May 22, forecasters at the SPC realized that a more intense weather outbreak was likely to occur, and upgraded a large swath of the Midwest to a moderate risk. CDT (1300 UTC), the National Weather Service (NWS) Storm Prediction Center issued a slight risk of severe storms for much of the upper Plains and the Midwest. Very large hail was forecast, but the tornado threat was forecast to remain isolated. This feature, in addition to steep lapse rates and dewpoints above 60 ☏ (16 ☌), was conducive to the development of supercells later in the day. On the evening of May 21, an area of low pressure was centered over western South Dakota.
Meteorological synopsis A cropped satellite image shows the supercell thunderstorm that produced the 2011 Joplin tornado at 22:45 UTC, just as it was moving through the city. It was the third tornado to strike Joplin since May 1971. It was the first F5/EF5 tornado to occur in Missouri since May 20, 1957, when an F5 tornado destroyed several suburbs of Kansas City, and only the second F5/EF5 tornado in Missouri since 1950. It was the deadliest tornado in Missouri history, as well as the first single tornado since the 1953 Flint–Beecher tornado in Michigan to cause more than 100 fatalities. tornado since the ApF5 tornado in Woodward, Oklahoma, and the seventh-deadliest in U.S. The Joplin tornado ranks as one of the United States' deadliest tornadoes: it was the deadliest U.S. Overall, the tornado killed 158 people (with an additional eight indirect deaths), and injured some 1,150 others. The insurance payout was the highest in Missouri history, with the previous record of $2 billion being the Aphail storm. The damage-which included major facilities like one of Joplin's two hospitals as well as much of its basic infrastructure-amounted to a total of $2.8 billion, making the Joplin tornado the costliest single tornado in U.S. The tornado devastated a large portion of the city of Joplin, damaging nearly 8,000 buildings, and of those, destroying over 4,000.
The tornado tracked eastward through Joplin, and then continued across I-44 into rural portions of Jasper and Newton counties, weakening before it dissipated. Part of a larger late-May tornado outbreak, the EF5 tornado began just west of Joplin and intensified very quickly, reaching a maximum width of nearly one mile (1.6 km) during its path through the southern part of the city.
The 2011 Joplin tornado was a large and devastating multiple-vortex tornado that struck Joplin, Missouri on the evening of Sunday, May 22, 2011. Part of the tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011 View of the rain-wrapped tornado in Joplinġ58 direct (+8-9 indirect)
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